what is capacitor and how it works.

 A capacitor is an electronic component that is designed to store and release electrical energy. It is made up of two metal plates that are separated by a non-conductive material, or dielectric. The plates are typically made of aluminum or tantalum, and the dielectric can be made of a variety of materials such as ceramic, mylar, or electrolytic fluids.

When a voltage is applied across the plates of a capacitor, electrons flow from one plate to the other, and the capacitor charges up. The amount of charge that a capacitor can hold is determined by its capacitance, which is measured in farads. Capacitance is determined by the area of the plates, the distance between the plates, and the type of dielectric used.

When a charged capacitor is connected to a circuit, it can release its stored energy in the form of a brief burst of electrical current. This can be useful in a variety of applications, such as smoothing out voltage fluctuations in power supplies, filtering out noise in audio circuits, and storing energy in flash cameras and other electronic devices.
Capacitors also have the property of resisting changes in voltage, which means they can be used to block direct current (DC) while allowing alternating current (AC) to pass through. This property is known as capacitive reactance, and it is measured in ohms. Capacitors are widely used in electronic circuits, and they are essential components in many types of devices, from radios and televisions to computers and smartphones.